1. Introduction

When reading the Bible, we must pay attention to how a statement is being used. Some passages communicate information directly, while others use pictures, comparisons, or expressive language.

We should not assume that every sentence must be understood literally. Neither should we turn clear statements into figures of speech without a sound reason.

The aim is to understand what the writer intended to communicate.

2. Scripture Reading

John 11:11 (KJV)

These things said he: and after that he saith unto them, Our friend Lazarus sleepeth; but I go, that I may awake him out of sleep.

Jesus used the word sleepeth when speaking about Lazarus.

John 11:13–14 (KJV)

Howbeit Jesus spake of his death: but they thought that he had spoken of taking of rest in sleep.

Then said Jesus unto them plainly, Lazarus is dead.

The surrounding verses explain the expression. Jesus was speaking about Lazarus’s death, not simply describing ordinary sleep.

Notice how reading the explanation prevents misunderstanding.

3. Understanding the Teaching

When deciding how to understand a statement, consider the following:

  • The wording: What do the words ordinarily communicate?
  • The surrounding verses: Does the passage explain the expression?
  • The situation: What is happening when the statement is made?
  • The writer’s explanation: Does the text clarify whether the language is figurative or literal?

Sometimes the passage itself provides the answer. At other times, careful examination of the wider context is necessary.

We should not label a statement figurative simply because its meaning is difficult or because we disagree with its message.

Likewise, we should not force a figurative expression into a literal meaning when the passage makes its intended meaning clear.

4. Practical Example

Suppose a student reads that Lazarus was sleeping in John 11:11.

If the student stops there, the student might assume Jesus was talking about ordinary sleep.

However, John 11:13–14 clarifies that Jesus was speaking about Lazarus’s death.

The student learns an important lesson: never make a final conclusion about an expression without examining how the passage explains it.

5. Remember

Examine the wording, situation, and surrounding verses before deciding how a statement should be understood. Let Scripture’s own explanation guide your interpretation.

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