1. Introduction

Jesus did not tell every parable for exactly the same reason. Some addressed people who questioned Him, others challenged religious attitudes, and others explained truths about the kingdom of God.

Understanding the audience and purpose helps us recognise what a particular parable was intended to communicate.

Rather than treating every parable as a general story about being a good person, we should examine the question, situation, or teaching that surrounds it.

2. Scripture Reading

Luke 15:1–2 (KJV)

Then drew near unto him all the publicans and sinners for to hear him.

And the Pharisees and scribes murmured, saying, This man receiveth sinners, and eateth with them.

These verses introduce the circumstances in which Jesus told the parables in Luke 15.

The complaint about Jesus receiving sinners helps us understand the subject of the parables that follow.

Luke 15:7 (KJV)

I say unto you, that likewise joy shall be in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, more than over ninety and nine just persons, which need no repentance.

Jesus explains the rejoicing associated with a sinner who repents.

The explanation helps readers recognise an important part of the message of the parable of the lost sheep.

3. Understanding the Teaching

To identify the audience and purpose of a parable, ask:

  • Who was listening?
  • What prompted Jesus to speak?
  • Was He answering a question, correcting an attitude, or explaining a truth?
  • Did Jesus explain the meaning?
  • How does the conclusion connect to the original situation?

The answers help us understand the message more accurately.

We must also avoid assuming that every parable addresses the same audience or teaches exactly the same lesson.

4. Practical Example

Suppose a student reads the parable of the lost sheep without reading Luke 15:1–2.

The student may understand that the story concerns a lost sheep, but miss the situation that prompted Jesus to tell it.

Reading the introduction reveals that Jesus was responding to criticism about His receiving sinners.

That context helps the student understand why the recovery of what was lost and the resulting rejoicing are central to the message.

5. Remember

The audience and purpose of a parable help us understand its message. Read the circumstances that prompted the story and pay attention to Jesus’ explanation.

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